Output noise is the combination of periodic ripple and random, high-frequency noise components superimposed on the DC output. It is often specified as PARD (Periodic and Random Deviation). Most switching power supplies use rectangular waveform inverters, so noise from switching transistors or output rectifier diodes is added to the output. Below shows the relation of ripple, output noise, and ripple noise. Series regulators, which lack high-frequency switching components, exhibit significantly lower noise compared to switching power supplies. Their output noise is primarily composed of ripple at the line frequency and its harmonics.
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