In electronics, the cutoff frequency is the point at which the output signal of a circuit, such as a filter, begins to be significantly attenuated. It is commonly defined as the frequency where the signal's power is reduced to half its passband level, which corresponds to a 3-decibel (3dB) drop in amplitude.
In practice, the transition from the passband to the stopband is not instantaneous. Instead, it occurs gradually over a range of frequencies known as the transition band. Because this transition is gradual rather than sharp, the cutoff frequency serves as a critical reference point for defining and evaluating the filter's performance characteristics.
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