What is the difference between 2D X-ray inspection and 3D X-ray CT?

While both 2D X-ray inspection systems and 3D X-ray CT scanners use X-rays to see inside an object non-destructively, they differ significantly in their purpose and the information they provide.

A 2D X-ray inspection system generates a two-dimensional projection image, commonly known as a radiograph. This is analogous to a medical X-ray. The system passes X-rays through an object from a single angle, creating a real-time 2D projection on a monitor. This method is excellent for quick checks, such as identifying voids in BGA solder joints, detecting broken wires, or finding foreign contaminants on a printed circuit board. However, because this 2D projection collapses all depth information, it is difficult to accurately determine the precise size, shape, and location of internal features, especially in complex, overlapping assemblies.

In contrast, an X-ray CT (Computed Tomography) scanner generates a complete three-dimensional (3D) model of the object's interior. This is achieved by capturing hundreds or thousands of 2D projection images from multiple angles as the object rotates 360 degrees. These images are then computationally reconstructed into a 3D dataset. This allows you to digitally slice through the object from any angle, view any cross-section, and precisely measure the shape, volume, and location of internal defects.

Many of Matsusada Precision's X-ray CT systems are equipped with both 2D transmission imaging and 3D CT scanning capabilities. This unique flexibility enables a highly efficient workflow: you can perform a quick screening of the entire object in 2D, and then, if you identify an area of interest, switch to a high-resolution 3D CT scan for detailed analysis. This ability to seamlessly switch between 2D screening and 3D analysis within a single system is a key advantage of our technology.

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