A Direct Current (DC) power supply is a device that converts Alternating Current (AC) or DC input into a stable DC output.
Units with AC input are typically referred to as AC-DC power supplies, while those with DC input are known as DC-DC converters.
In the context of test and measurement, "DC power supply" generally denotes a programmable unit featuring an AC input and variable DC output capabilities.
There are two primary topologies for regulated power supplies: linear (series) and switching.
The diagram below illustrates the block diagram of a linear regulated power supply. In this architecture, a series control element--typically a power transistor--regulates the output voltage. The voltage difference between the input and output is dissipated as heat by this element, often requiring a heat sink for effective thermal management.
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